Criteria to Choose a GNU/Linux Operating System To Help You and Organization

There are many choices of GNU/Linux operating systems like from A to Z including Arch and Zorin. These criteria are subjective and my own opinions but you may find these useful to you and organization to consider one for long time use by eliminating many of not needed or unfit ones. You can see mine at Hardware page.

Mass Production

Has a distro been mass produced, or not? A mass produced distro is like standard operating systems, such as Windows and Android, which all of them are delivered to the end-users preinstalled on computers and not as separate things. Please not forget that Windows and Android adopted by people because of mass production, otherwise, they would be extremely far less popular. Mass production is a sign of luck of an OS, also seriousness of its developers, which would upgrade it into a platform which people could look into and rely upon. If a distro is/has not mass produced, then it is a distro you can consider not to choose. Excellent examples of mass produced distros are, among others, PureOS (Librem), Ubuntu (Dell, Lenovo), Kubuntu (KFocus), KDE Neon (Slimbook), Ubuntu MATE (Entroware), Pop_Os! (System76), elementary OS and Zorin (Star Labs, LaptopWithLinux), Manjaro (PineBook), Trisquel (Respects Your Freedom, ThinkPenguin), openSUSE (Tuxedo), and Fedora (Lenovo).

User Interface User Can Use

Does a distro have user interface end-user, including kids and grandmas if any, can immediately use, or not? You would not want distro without appearance (black and white like MSDOS) or with appearance but poor in what end-user’s needs, or with appearance end-user cannot use. This means mostly familiarity based on prior experience for the end-users and how good it reduces teaching effort to the teaching users. You would not want distro that resembles no one, not similar to anything, or not clear to use/teach, as it would waste your own time and organization that you want to help. There are several hints, and one of them is, check if the file manager supports file searching like standard search one can do with Google Search, Windows and Android. This criteria involves selecting by considering end-user’s situations. For most computing users are familiar with Windows, and if you are, it is wise to choose KDE (Kubuntu), Cinnamon (Mint), or MATE (Mint and Trisquel). For most mobile device users who are familiar with Android more than Windows, and if you included here, it is wise to choose GNOME (Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat, SUSE, Debian). For completely new users without prior computing experience, and if you are in this group, it is wise to choose KDE.

Survive and Early Birth Date

Is a distro old and surviving, or not? Check your distro’s initial release year. 15 years is a minimum age of a long living, old-enough distro. If one is new, or discontinued, then it is a distro you can consider not to choose. It is wise that you do not tend to choose newly launched distros. You would not want a distro that would be discontinued next year or is in an unclear development state or is already discontinued. Dormant development, lack of developer team members, or even being officially discontinued is not a luck sign you should be aware of. Surviving, matured distros are not many, among them are Slackware and Debian (1993), Red Hat and SUSE (1994), Fedora (2003) and openSUSE (2005), Ubuntu (2004) and Trisquel (2007), Kubuntu (2005) and Linux Mint (2006).

Teacher

Do you have a teacher who teach you the distro, or not? Please not forget that at our earliest days, we receive computing though teachers speaking in our own language, for years, so that we can operate Windows or MacOS. Learning computing is not automatic, not instant either, but is a process. A teacher could be your father, like most other people, your school teacher, or a community, either local or online, or your fellow user friends. It is even better if the teacher really teaches that distro as part of students computing for years at school either local or online. If a distro does not have a teacher you can find, or a community, or a fellow friend that use it near your place, then it is a distro you can consider not to use. You would not want a distro where nobody helps you, nobody you can talk to, nobody to teach you, or nothing you can read from. (On the other hand, if you are a teacher who has been teaching a distro for years to students, then it is wise to choose that distro to end-users and organization you want to help. This is exactly why Mass Production criterion is important. And this is exactly where Practice what you preach! really matters. If you want other people to use a product, you teach them how to use it, not just leaving them alone in the dark.) For your information, the excellent example, real worldwide community here without doubt is Ubuntu family.

Security Team and Advisories

Does a distro have a security team (the people) and a security advisory (the security updates bulletin), or not? If one does not, then it is a distro you can consider to not choose.  You would not want a distro not serious enough to not have its own dedicated security team and advisories. Most distros except just a few does not have these, among them which have are Arch, Debian, Red Hat, SUSE, and Ubuntu.

You can consider a distro that fulfills all or most of these criteria to be the one you choose.

Comments? Please kindly send me email or message it to my XMPP or Matrix as comments are off here.


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About Windows, MacOS and GNU/Linux

This is an explanation of three major computer operating systems in the world namely Windows, MacOS and GNU/Linux. All of the term free software below refers to freedom and not price (the user is unlimited) where proprietary software term refers to owned by the developer not the user (the user is fully limited).

What is Windows?

Microsoft Windows is proprietary software computer operating system made by United States based company Microsoft and mass produced since 1985 in cooperation with almost all PC and laptop manufacturers. It is found in almost all brands of hardware including Acer, ASUS, Dell, HP, Lenovo, and more.  User’s method to obtain Windows is officially either by (mostly) buying a machine bundled with it or by buying the software package then install it later to a machine. This OS is mostly made for x86 computer architecture users. By security, this OS is highly known as the most insecure and proved to be malicious software by its own users. Windows is not free software.

What is MacOS?

Apple macOS (formerly Mac OS, Mac OS X, OS X) is proprietary software computer operating system made by United States based company Apple and mass produced since 1984 by itself under a single brand named Macintosh (with variations namely MacBook, iMac, iPhone, iPad). No MacOS available or sold by brands other than Apple Computers. User’s method to obtain MacOS is only to buy a Macintosh from Apple. This OS is exclusively or only made for Macintosh computers regardless the architecture. By security, this OS is proven to be malicious software by its own community. MacOS is not free software.

What is GNU/Linux?

GNU/Linux (pronounced gnu slash linux) is a free software computer operating system made by combination of GNU OS by GNU Project and Linux Kernel by Linux Project since 1993. It is not mass produced since its inception to mid 2010 until several established as well as new companies started to manufacture and sell GNU/Linux computers worldwide by various brands where Lenovo and Dell as the former while Purism and System76 as the latter followed by other manufacturers like Pine64 later. User’s method to obtain GNU/Linux is varied, including by buying bundled computers (not widely known in the past), as well as by downloading the OS copy from the internet, asking copy from a friend, and more. Different to either Windows or MacOS, the users can obtain it with another names for example Ubuntu, Red Hat, and openSUSE which each one is an individual OS. GNU/Linux is not proprietary software.

PeerTube Cannot Play Video? Install FFmpeg!

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

Previously, I don’t know why my Firefox (latest version on latest Fedora Rawhide) cannot play videos on PeerTube. Yes, you’re correct, the video I watch is Introducing GNOME 3.30 “Almeria”. The web says “No compatible source was found for this media” but clearly the commenters seem to be able to play the video so this problem is only for me. Then I installed FFmpeg (from RPMFusion “free” of course) and finally videos playing without error on Firefox. It works! However, it’s Firefox 62 and ffmpeg 4.0.2 on Rawhide I got at 15 September 2018. Thanks Framasoft and PeerTube Project, Mozilla and FFmpeg Project, thanks Fedora community, and thanks GNOME Project for making great video of 3.30 available at PeerTube.

If you want to know more about PeerTube, a federated “YouTube” that is free software, read on official website and FAQ.


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Gratis Public DNS Service Providers

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

This post is basically for myself after the Privacy Post.

Worth to read:


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Install GNU/Linux on External SDCard with Btrfs

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

Some reviews I’ve written on UbuntuBuzz lately about Bionic Beta 2 flavors, are, all installed on a 16GB SanDisk SDCard using a USB card reader. Not only Bionic, but Trisquel prerelease version is also installed there. One common problems among all systems I’ve installed there is they are all broken after one or two times of using. Broken here means failure in the filesystem, aka, corrupted, aka fsck checking needed. And in all systems after I did fsck on each of them, all the data inside the partition are gone (deleted, or removed into lost+found/ directory). So this breakage was the problem.

I want to solve this problem, however. And finally I think “how about changing the filesystem to btrfs?”. Yes, as you could see on UbuntuBuzz, all my tutorials recommend EXT4, because I myself only use EXT4 in all time. So this time I tried to change it to BTRFS. I installed Trisquel 8.0 Final Stable two days ago and yes! The problem seems gone. I can use the SDCard with Trisquel over BTRFS there without breakage, without fsck checking too, and without corrupting the partition! Then it is solved for now. This way I can continue my review to the new Trisquel and more. Ah, yes, I should say that installing with EXT4 into SDCard takes 30 minutes, while with BTRFS I found it takes 1 hours.

However, I don’t know if the same problem could happen again in next time. Walhamdulillah.


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Install Zekr Quran Reader Program on Ubuntu 18.04

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

I find today this Zekr’s mailing list article Running Zekr on Ubuntu 18.04 by brother Mashaal M Alghamdi (may Allah bless him). To sum it up:

  • You install Java Runtime Environment (JRE) by the command line sudo apt-get install default-jre
  • You download the Zekr package file either 32 bit or 64 bit version from Sourceforge
  • You extract the package, and you get a zekr.sh shell file
  • You execute the zekr.sh by the command line ./zekr.sh and finally Zekr Quran Reader running

For KDE Plasma users, and some Ubuntu users, you may find Zekr experiencing error about Java saying “org.eclipse.swt.SWTError: No more handles [Unknown Mozilla path (MOZILLA_FIVE_HOME not set)]” and so on. To solve this error, just install a package: sudo apt-get install libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 and Zekr should running without problem anymore.

Zekr with Amiri Quran font on Kubuntu 18.04

Notes:

  • About font: on Kubuntu, I find the best built-in font to be Amiri Quran.
  • About font size: on Kubuntu again, I find the best size to be 23. The default is 33, anyway.
  • About how to change the font: go to menu Tools > Options > View > see quran_fontName > select the value > press Space bar > put the font name in front of the line > click Apply > click OK > right-click on the ayat > Reload. You will do this one very often.
  • About looking for the best font: just compare your Zekr window with your LibreOffice Writer window showing same ayats, and, change the font on the Writer so you find the best one for you.
  • For Trisquel users: these instructions should work on Trisquel 8.0 as well.

 

May Allah bless us all in this Ramadhan 1439 Hijriyah. Walhamdulillahi rabbil ‘alamin.


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Internet Privacy For Newbie, Briefly

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

This is a short summary in protecting internet privacy that is easy to practice for any computer user.

One

Don’t use Google Search. Change your search engine to StartPage.com.

Two

Don’t use Google Chrome. Change your web browser to Mozilla Firefox, use privacy addons:

  • uBlock Origin: the best advertisement blocker.
  • HTTPS Everywhere: the encryptor of whole connections of each webpage you visit. With this, all connections are secure.
  • Privacy Badger: the antitracker, the purger of all online trackers, it secures your privacy by removing each website’s personal-info-collectors that do not respect your privacy.

Three

Remember one thing: anything sent to the internet cannot be erased, forever. Best practice: don’t post your complete address on the internet, the same goes for everything else, so:

  • don’t send your phone number to facebook or others
  • don’t send copy of your photos, National ID Card, Driving License, or Family Registry, to facebook or others

This article is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

Using Trisquel Everyday – Day 2

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

26 December 2017: the new ISO image of Trisquel 8 is out! It’s a long way for me because Trisquel 8 has no new ISO since June 2017.  The new ISO released at 24 December 2017 (two days ago) at jenkins subdomain of Trisquel website. Download it from http://jenkins.trisquel.info/makeiso/iso/. Happy testing!


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Using Trisquel Everyday – Day 1

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

I’m using Trisquel GNU/Linux version 8 codenamed Flidas since March 2017. I decided to write my daily experiences with Trisquel in a series, particularly at the most technically usable things. This ‘Day 1’ at the title doesn’t represent my first day, but, the first article of this series. I won’t write each day except the days when I feel it’s the time to write it and I have no particular order of events. This article is inspired by Didier Roche’s article series about Ubuntu Artful Day 1 until Day 8 from the days when Artful was still pre-release version.

What I remember to write now is:

7 December 2017: Ruben Rodriguez is back at Trisquel Forum with the plan to release Trisquel 8 and plan to plan Trisquel 9. This is a long awaited thing for the forum members. Ruben is the leader of Trisquel Project.

Startup Items: I placed redshift command at startup so now it runs every time Trisquel boots. Redshift is my real treatment for sleeplessness (hard to sleep disorder), a disorder caused by blue light. I say thank you for Redshift developer!

apt-daily.service: apparently, I still need to disable permanently anything related to packagekitd, unattended-upgrade, and apt-daily-blablabla because I found 2 days ago it eaten up (again!) my bandwidth as 100+ MB without my concern.

Desktop Icons: yes, desktop icons (like on Windows) feature is really helpful. Trisquel supports this by default so Windows users can adapt themselves into Trisquel faster. Personally I dislike GNOME 3’s approach (or any other desktop) that doesn’t permit the user to easily put icons on desktop area. However, actually my most used icon there is only IceCat Web Browser.

I follow Trisquel forum via email not via web.


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